Vroom\'s Theory Of Motivation

The motivational fact is, people do not take any interest in the rewards where the chance of success is low. Motivation level is a function of three things: the person’s expectancy, person’s instrumentality and valence. These three things represent value of the person attached to rewards.

Motivation is the product of three things:
Motivation = (E x I x V) where,

• E- represents expectancy.
• I- represents instrumentality.
• V- represents valence.

E- represents expectancy: Motivation does not occur if the employees do not expect that their efforts will produce performance. But here the manager gives the guarantee that the employees have those skills, which their job requires. The managers should provide the employees with proper training, job description, moral support and confidence.

I- represents instrumentality: Employees should believe that they will get rewards for their successful performance in terms of instrumentality. Managers should encourage the employees by explaining the incentive plans by communicating success stories. So the employees understand  that they will get the same rewards for performing well.

V- represents valence: The rewards itself must be of value to the employee. Here, the manager take into account individual performance of employees and use the rewards in terms of specific behaviour.